The BLM approach has gained widespread interest amongst the scientific, regulated and regulatory communities because of its potential for use in developing water quality criteria (WQC) and in performing aquatic risk assessments for metals.
This journal issue includes papers that describe recent advances with regard to the development of the BLM approach.
The research results that are described in the papers found in this journal issue represent a distinct milestone in the ongoing evolution of the BLM approach and, more generally, of approaches to performing ecological assessments for metals in aquatic systems.
2011年6月10日金曜日
Example sentences: specific
The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity.
The importance of the choice of water-type is shown by changes in the relative ranking of CTPs, which are equally influenced by water chemistry and inherent metal-specific differences.
In these models key parameters, as absorption and elimination rate constants, are predicted based on chemical specific properties and physiological characteristics.
The importance of the choice of water-type is shown by changes in the relative ranking of CTPs, which are equally influenced by water chemistry and inherent metal-specific differences.
In these models key parameters, as absorption and elimination rate constants, are predicted based on chemical specific properties and physiological characteristics.
Example sentences: similar
For other organisms, it is hypothesized that a biotic ligand exists and that mortality can be modeled in a similar way.
Similarly, values for total Cd2+ indicated higher concentrations in those eggs exposed prior to??and during??water hardening.
Ongoing studies must now address the development of more realistic exposure conditions of the gametes by using incubation media with osmolarities similar to surface waters, and by shortening duration for gamete exposure.
Similarly, values for total Cd2+ indicated higher concentrations in those eggs exposed prior to??and during??water hardening.
Ongoing studies must now address the development of more realistic exposure conditions of the gametes by using incubation media with osmolarities similar to surface waters, and by shortening duration for gamete exposure.
Example sentences: significant
Although SOD and MT expressions were not significantly increased in nZnO-treated medaka compared to the controls, exposure to ZnO caused a significant up-regulation of SOD and MT.
DOM-concentrations over 15 ppm carbon (C) decreased Cd-uptake significantly.
The embryo toxicity of nano-Cu at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L showed no significant difference from Cu2+ at the corresponding concentrations (0.006 and 0.03 mg/L), but 0.1 mg/L nano-Cu had a greater toxicity than 0.06 mg/L Cu2+.
DOM-concentrations over 15 ppm carbon (C) decreased Cd-uptake significantly.
Example sentences: method
This report describes a study in which in vitro fertilization methods were used to expose medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs to cadmium (Cd2+).
Also, sensitive methods to localize Cd2+ and to delineate the transfer from the chorion to the embryo are needed.
The method uses for calculation (1) USEtox for environmental fate, (2) WHAM 6.0 for metal partitioning and speciation in aquatic systems, and (3) Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) for average toxicity.
Example sentences: environment
Corrosion and runoff from zinc-coated materials and outdoor structures is an important source for the dispersion of zinc in the environment.
Runoff water was analysed chemically and evaluated for its possible environmental impact, using both a biosensor test with the bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus (BiometR) and the conventional 72 h growth inhibition test with the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata.
Rates of malformation in medaka fry from paddies treated twice a week with anti-dandruff shampoo (0.18?0.37 μL/L each time) over a period of 4 months were within the natural background, perhaps due to the quick dissipation rate of this chemical in the environment.
Runoff water was analysed chemically and evaluated for its possible environmental impact, using both a biosensor test with the bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus (BiometR) and the conventional 72 h growth inhibition test with the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata.
Rates of malformation in medaka fry from paddies treated twice a week with anti-dandruff shampoo (0.18?0.37 μL/L each time) over a period of 4 months were within the natural background, perhaps due to the quick dissipation rate of this chemical in the environment.
Example sentences: data
Initial application is made to the fathead minnow data set reported by R. Erickson and a water effects ratio data set by J. Diamond.
Analysis of the ecotoxicity data also suggested that the observed toxic effects were due to the presence of Zn2+ ions.
At first glance, it appears that a large amount of data are required for a successful application.
Analysis of the ecotoxicity data also suggested that the observed toxic effects were due to the presence of Zn2+ ions.
At first glance, it appears that a large amount of data are required for a successful application.
Example sentences: assess
Biological effects of the biocide zinc pyrithione (Zpt), used in anti-dandruff shampoos and antifouling paints and the agricultural insecticide imidacloprid on Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were assessed in experimental rice fields.
This study primarily aimed to characterize the aggregate size and solubility of nZnO and bulk ZnO, and to assess their toxicities towards five selected marine organisms.
Furthermore, molecular biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), metallothionein (MT) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were employed to assess the sublethal toxicities of the test chemicals to O. melastigma.
This study primarily aimed to characterize the aggregate size and solubility of nZnO and bulk ZnO, and to assess their toxicities towards five selected marine organisms.
Furthermore, molecular biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), metallothionein (MT) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were employed to assess the sublethal toxicities of the test chemicals to O. melastigma.
Example sentences: survive
Effects of cadmium on survival, hatchability, and histological characters of the brain, and uptake of 109-cadmium by eggs were studied using embryos or fry of the medaka, Oryzias latipes.
Larval survival and the embryonic development were measured for fish assay.
In developing fish larvae, copper is known to affect key parameters, such as survival and growth and more recently has been shown to interfere with the octavolateral system.
Larval survival and the embryonic development were measured for fish assay.
In developing fish larvae, copper is known to affect key parameters, such as survival and growth and more recently has been shown to interfere with the octavolateral system.
Example sentences: stress
Both Zpt and imidacloprid caused stress syndrome in juvenile medaka, with fish from Zpt-shampoo fields having a significantly lower weight to body length ratio than those from control fields.
As it often happens with stressed fish, a massive infestation by a Trichodina ectoparasite was observed in medaka from imidacloprid fields.
However, despite their high stress levels, fish from the Zpt fields did not suffer such infestation, supposedly because the disinfectant action of this biocide.
As it often happens with stressed fish, a massive infestation by a Trichodina ectoparasite was observed in medaka from imidacloprid fields.
However, despite their high stress levels, fish from the Zpt fields did not suffer such infestation, supposedly because the disinfectant action of this biocide.
Example sentences: site
Specifically, the BLM does this in a way that considers the important influences of site-specific water quality.
Increases in waterborne Ca2+ had a protective effect on Zn toxicity, suggesting that this ion competes with Zn and that they share a common site of biological uptake.
The sites were representative of effluent-dependent or effluent-dominated streams common to the arid western United States of America (arid West) and a wide range of water quality variables were tested.
Increases in waterborne Ca2+ had a protective effect on Zn toxicity, suggesting that this ion competes with Zn and that they share a common site of biological uptake.
The sites were representative of effluent-dependent or effluent-dominated streams common to the arid western United States of America (arid West) and a wide range of water quality variables were tested.
Example sentences: regulate
For fish, the biotic ligand is either known or suspected to be the sodium or calcium channel proteins in the gill surface that regulate the ionic composition of the blood.
The BLM approach has gained widespread interest amongst the scientific, regulated and regulatory communities because of its potential for use in developing water quality criteria (WQC) and in performing aquatic risk assessments for metals.
We found that Cr and Zn were accumulated in snail tissues, whereas Fe was regulated.
The BLM approach has gained widespread interest amongst the scientific, regulated and regulatory communities because of its potential for use in developing water quality criteria (WQC) and in performing aquatic risk assessments for metals.
We found that Cr and Zn were accumulated in snail tissues, whereas Fe was regulated.
Example sentences: range
The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental disturbances to death of the embryo.
The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental disturbances to death of the embryo.
Following range finding exposures (2.5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg/l) under artificially controlled experimental procedures, results from hatching success and embryo malformations showed the earlier exposure interval more sensitive than the assay involving only the embryonated egg.
The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental disturbances to death of the embryo.
Following range finding exposures (2.5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg/l) under artificially controlled experimental procedures, results from hatching success and embryo malformations showed the earlier exposure interval more sensitive than the assay involving only the embryonated egg.
Example sentences: predict
Finally, regression analysis showed that, for this type of runoff samples, the rapid screening biosensor was capable of predicting (a) the total amount of zinc present in the runoff samples (R2 of 0.93?0.98; p<0.05) and (b) the observed 72 h-EbC50s (R2 of 0.69?0.97; p<0.05).
The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms.
The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and competitive binding of protective cations such as calcium.
Example sentences: potential
Nano zinc oxide (nZnO) is increasingly used in sunscreen products, with high potential of being released directly into marine environments.
The environmental behavior and the potential toxicity of copper nanoparticles (nano-Cu) in water are major concerns for assessing their environmental safety.
Both the zeta-potential of nano-Cu particles in E3 medium and the pH of the nano-Cu suspension showed no change during a 24 hour period.
The environmental behavior and the potential toxicity of copper nanoparticles (nano-Cu) in water are major concerns for assessing their environmental safety.
Both the zeta-potential of nano-Cu particles in E3 medium and the pH of the nano-Cu suspension showed no change during a 24 hour period.
Example sentences: expose
Hatchability was also decreased at a dose of 0.06mg/l cadmium, and almost no fry were hatched when exposed to 0.61mg/l.
Pycnoses were seen during 1-4 days after hatch in the brains of fry exposed to a particularly high concentration of cadmium.
Being part of a large inter-disciplinary research project, this study presents the bioavailability of zinc in runoff water immediately after release from the surface of 15 different commercially available zinc-based materials exposed to the urban environment of Stockholm, Sweden.
Example sentences: concentrate
The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental disturbances to death of the embryo.
When the embryos and the fry were exposed to cadmium at a concentration of 0.06mg/l, survival time was shortened.
With increasing concentration of cadmium, survival time decreased even more.
When the embryos and the fry were exposed to cadmium at a concentration of 0.06mg/l, survival time was shortened.
With increasing concentration of cadmium, survival time decreased even more.
Example sentences: chemical
Runoff water was analysed chemically and evaluated for its possible environmental impact, using both a biosensor test with the bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus (BiometR) and the conventional 72 h growth inhibition test with the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata.
Chemical speciation modelling revealed that most zinc (94.3?99.9%) was present as the free Zn ion, the most bioavailable speciation form.
Both chemicals are toxic to medaka, in particular Zpt, which also causes teratogenic effects such as spinal cord deformities in embryos at very low, sublethal concentrations.
Chemical speciation modelling revealed that most zinc (94.3?99.9%) was present as the free Zn ion, the most bioavailable speciation form.
Both chemicals are toxic to medaka, in particular Zpt, which also causes teratogenic effects such as spinal cord deformities in embryos at very low, sublethal concentrations.
Example sentences: accumulate
Waterborne metals may accumulate in the gonads of spawners and adversely affect gamete production and viability, or exert direct toxic influence upon developing embryos.
The egg shell does not fully protect the embryo against metal penetration, particularly during the swelling phase; thus, metals may accumulate in the egg.
Cd was mainly accumulated in the egg's outer shell chorion (61%) and only small amounts passed through the chorion into the perivitelline liquid (38%) and embryo (1%).
The egg shell does not fully protect the embryo against metal penetration, particularly during the swelling phase; thus, metals may accumulate in the egg.
Cd was mainly accumulated in the egg's outer shell chorion (61%) and only small amounts passed through the chorion into the perivitelline liquid (38%) and embryo (1%).
Example sentences: medium
To establish comparative sensitivity, a standard medium (International Organization for Standardization [ISO]) was used.
The eggs were, therefore, exposed to cadmium solutions ranging from 10.0 to 300.0 mg Cd/liter for 1 hr, and then they were transferred to cadmium-free medium.
The present study was undertaken to characterize the properties of nano-Cu in E3 medium, such as size changes, solubility, zeta-potential and pH, and to test the toxicity of nano-Cu suspension to zebrafish embryos.
The eggs were, therefore, exposed to cadmium solutions ranging from 10.0 to 300.0 mg Cd/liter for 1 hr, and then they were transferred to cadmium-free medium.
The present study was undertaken to characterize the properties of nano-Cu in E3 medium, such as size changes, solubility, zeta-potential and pH, and to test the toxicity of nano-Cu suspension to zebrafish embryos.
2011年6月9日木曜日
Sublist2-10☆
accumulate_[21] 蓄積する
affect_[9] 影響する、作用する
aggregate_[9] 総計、合計、集合体
alter_[7] 変える、去勢する
chemical_[14] 化学の、化学製品
community_[8] 群衆、群落、社会
concentrate_[27] 濃縮する、凝縮物
conclude_[5] 結論を下す、～だと推論する
conduct_[9] 行為、指導、伝導する
constant_[9] 不変の、一定の、定数
eliminate_[8] 除去する、消去する、排泄する
evaluate_[9] 数値を求める、評価する
expose_[63]曝露する
investigate_[8] 調査する、研究する
medium_[13] 手段、培地、中間の
potential_[11] 可能性、潜在能力、電位
predict_[11] 予測する
range_[13] 分布する、生息する、列
ratio_[6] 比、比率
regulate_[10] 規制する、調整する、調節する
reveal_[5] 明らかにする、示す
site_[10] 場所、位置
stress_[10] 圧力、ストレス、強調する
survive_[11] 生き残る、残存する
suspend_[7]浮く、浮遊する、ぶら下げる
Sublist1☆
analyse_[6] 分析する
approach_[9] 方法、取り組む
area_[3] 領域、分野
assess_[15] 評価する
assume_[1] 仮定する、想定する
authority_[1] 根拠、影響力
available_[5] 利用可能（な）
concept_[1] 概念
constitute_[1] 構成する
context_[2] 背景
data_[10] データ、資料
define_[2] 定義する
derive_[1] 由来する、引き出す
distribute_[3] 分布する、配給する
environment_[17]環境、自然環境
establish_[2] 確立する
estimate_[5] 見積もる、推定する
factor_[9] 要因
function_[3] 機能、機能する
indicate_[8] 示す
individual_[5]個体、単一の、独特の、特有の
involve_[1] 伴う
issue_[2] 問題
major_[4] 主要な
method_[10] 方法
occur_[6] 起こる
percent_[1] パーセント、割合
period_[6] 期間
process_[6] 方法、手順
require_[3] 要求する
research_[5] 研究
respond_[5] 反応する
significant_[15] 有意の
similar_[10] 類似した
source_[1] 原因、水源
specific_[11] 特定の
structure_[2] 構造
vary_[8]変化する
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